The laser scanning method is the main way to obtain 3D geographic information, and the data results obtained through this method are also widely used in resource exploration, urban planning, agricultural development, water conservancy engineering, land use, environmental monitoring, transportation and communication, earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and national Key construction projects and other aspects have provided extremely important original data for national economy, social development and scientific research, and have achieved significant economic benefits, showing good application prospects. Compared with traditional measurement methods, the low airborne LIDAR ground 3D data acquisition method has the advantages of low field cost of production data and post-processing cost. The majority of users urgently need low-cost, high-density, rapid, high-precision digital elevation data or digital surface data. The airborne LIDAR technology just meets this demand, so it has become a popular high-tech in various measurement applications.
Quickly obtaining high-precision digital elevation data or digital surface data is a prerequisite for the widespread application of airborne LIDAR technology in many fields. Therefore, the research on the accuracy of airborne LIDAR data has very important theoretical value and practical significance. In this context, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on improving the accuracy of airborne LIDAR data.
Lidar is a radar system that works in the infrared to ultraviolet spectrum. Its principle and structure are very similar to laser rangefinders. Scientists call pulsed lidar for detection using laser pulses, and continuous wave lidar for detection using continuous wave laser beams. The function of lidar is to accurately measure the target position (distance and angle), motion state (speed, vibration and attitude) and shape, and detect, identify, distinguish and track the target. After years of hard work, scientists have developed fire control lidar, detection lidar, missile guidance lidar, range measurement lidar, navigation lidar, etc.
Since the flight operation is the first process of lidar aerial survey mapping, it provides direct calculation data for subsequent internal data processing. According to the principle of measurement error and the basic principle of formulating "standards", it is required that the errors contained in the results of the previous process should have the least impact on the latter process. Therefore, it is very meaningful to improve the data quality by studying the airborne lidar operation process and optimizing the design operation plan.