The development history of lidar
Since the first photo was taken by Daguerre and Niepce in 1839, the technique of using the photo to make a photo plan (X, Y) has been in use today. In 1901, the Dutch Fourcade invented the stereoscopic observation technology of photogrammetry, which made it possible to obtain ground three-dimensional data (X, Y, Z) from two-dimensional photographs. For one hundred years, stereo photogrammetry is still the most accurate and reliable technology for obtaining 3D ground data, and an important technology for the country's basic scale topographic mapping.
With the development of science and technology and the widespread application of computers and high-tech, digital stereo photogrammetry has gradually developed and matured, and corresponding software and digital stereo photogrammetry workstations have been popularized in the production department. However, the work flow of photogrammetry has not changed much, such as aerial photography-photographic processing-ground surveying (aerial triangulation)-stereoscopic surveying-mapping (DLG, DTM, GIS, and others). The cycle of this production mode is too long to meet the needs of the current information society, nor can it meet the requirements of the "digital earth" for surveying and mapping.
The development of LIDAR surveying and mapping technology airborne laser scanning technology originated from the research and development of NASA in 1970. Due to the development of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS), accurate real-time positioning and attitude determination are possible. From 1988 to 1993, the University of Stuttgart in Germany combined laser scanning technology with the real-time positioning and attitude determination system to form an airborne laser scanner (Ackermann-19). After that, the airborne laser scanner developed rapidly. Commercialization began in 1995. More than 10 manufacturers have produced airborne laser scanners with more than 30 models (Baltsavias-1999). The original purpose of developing an airborne laser scanner was to observe the observations of multiple echoes and to measure the height models of the ground and tree tops. Due to its highly automated and accurate observation results, the airborne laser scanner is the main DTM production tool.