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What is the principle of lidar ranging?

The basic principle of lidar ranging is to calculate the distance of the target by measuring the round-trip time of the laser emission signal and the laser echo signal. First, the lidar emits a laser beam, which is reflected back after being hit by an obstacle and is received and processed by the laser receiving system to know the time between the laser emission and the reflection and reception time, that is, the flight laser time. Based on the flight time, the distance to the obstacle can be calculated. According to different forms of the emitted laser signal, laser ranging methods can be divided into two types: pulse laser ranging and phase laser ranging.

(1) Pulse method Laser ranging: After the laser radar emits a laser beam, part of the laser light is reflected back to the obstacle and received by the laser radar receiver. At the same time, the time interval between sending and receiving can be recorded in the lidar, and the distance to be measured can be calculated according to the speed of light.

(2) Phase method laser ranging: The phase method is a continuous laser signal intensity modulated by a laser transmitter. After being illuminated by obstacles, it is reflected back. The measuring beam will produce a phase change during the round trip. By calculating the phase difference between the laser signal in the radar and the obstacle flying back and forth, and the distance of the obstacle are converted.

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